How To Survive A Plague Free Essay Example, 750 words

ï » ¿How to Survive a Plague Introduction How to Survive a Plague is a transformational documentary produced by Ninety Thousand Words, Tomchin in collaboration with Ford production companies. This documentary is about the period when H. I.V/AIDS was considered a death sentence to a period when it is a manageable chronic illness. This film produced and directed by David France, a journalist who had been covering the AIDS since its beginning and Howard Gartler explores the early advancements of AIDS. The principal focus of this documentary was to spearhead the campaign by Act-up organization over the crisis to a public and government attention. Act-up was Larry Kramer’s intelligence quality that inspired the creation of the Gay Men’s Health Crisis organization. France’s intertwines literary stylish and thematic aspects like politics to bring out the horror and the government’s ignorance to the epidemic. This essay explores the transformation of H. I.V/ AID S plague from a death sentence disease to a manageable chronic illness. How to Survive a Plague is majorly about a group of activists and the founders of the Act-up organization. We will write a custom essay sample on How To Survive A Plague or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now This follows a struggle for recognition by the U. S.A government and health organizations in the provision and the development of advanced VIV/AIDS remedies. The political aspect of this documentary is the level of ignorance portrayed by President Ronald Reagan in support of the epidemic activism. In addition, Senator Jesse Helm pointed out to the victims that, â€Å"They asked for it†. Research through interviews and film demonstrations by the members of the Act-up group identified the spread of the plague to have been hastened by homosexuality and GLBT lifestyle. The politics against the Act-up activism was further reflected by the refusal of health organizations to treat AIDS patients and further refusal by the funeral homes to bury those that died of AIDS or related complications. The increasing death troll inspired the mobilization of the GLBT group in 1987 to influence the public perception about HIV/AIDS. This aimed at the arrival of a probable cure or effective preventive measures that would curb the number of deaths from the plague (Halkitis 120). The controversy within the GLBT and the intensive overview of the organization disagreements on how the campaigns should be carried out sets How to Survive a Plague a unique documentary in comparison to the other HIV/AIDS films. The differing opinions within the GLBT organization were whether the fighting meant the literal fighting while a section of the members acknowledged a campaign without undue violence. Most of the activists embraced violent campaigns, which led to arrests and further creating a public suspicion about the whole project and efforts. The increased pressure pushed the government to step in to the protocols of testing the drugs that were already being fined. Because of the protests, treatments were made available and the death toll was significantly facing a decline. France creates an atmosphere of sympathy since most of the activists that participated in the campaigns never lived to see the turnaround of their efforts (135). How to Survive a Plague is a stand out documentary that I recommend because of its scope. The narration of this film is perfectly constructed and the captivity from the opening scenes is vehemently appealing. The history of the gay protests in this film spurs the public into campaigns against AIDS in conjunction with the Act-up organization. My personal point of interest was the power used to force health organizations to treat AIDS patients and the government to concern itself. The increasing deaths and the ignorance of the political leaders moved me to tears. Kramer’s admirable leadership qualities are an eye opener to the current world where HIV/AIDS victims are segregated even to date (170). Conclusion David France’s documentary is entirely about the Act-up response to HIV/AIDS and the difficult journey in the process of transforming it to a manageable chronic disease. The perfect use of video footages taken from the early activities of the Act-up group and others make it a reality film. In addition to the main theme HIV/AIDS prevention, it also highlights the challenges of making social movement works. The brilliance of the group, the doctor’s educations and the research by the scientists is extremely captivating. The film brings two aspects within a single documentary, the history of HIV/AIDS and the effectiveness of activism and the challenges that face it. This is a good documentary, entertaining and brings about the sad realities of HIV/AIDS in such a realistic manner, thanks to the struggles of the Act-up group, as Larry Kramer puts it clear that, â€Å"Every single drug that's out there is because of ACT UP, I am convinced. It is the proudest achievement th at the gay population of this world can ever claim†( Harrison n. p). Work Cited Halkitis, Perry N. The Aids Generation: Stories of Survival and Resilience. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014. Print. Harrison, Margot. Movies you missed 77: How to survive a plaque. Web. 7th May 2014.

The Books Of 1 And 2 Kings - 1531 Words

This paper is an analysis of the books of 1 and 2 Kings. It will examine their authorship, structure, flow, and themes. In addition, it will compare their content to the writings of 1-2 Chronicles, Isaiah, and extra-biblical writers who speak of the same events. Lastly, it will examine the author’s place in history as a historian and theologian. AUTHORSHIP Since writer or writers of Kings did not include their name on the document, their identity is unknown. The rabbis in the Midrash Baba Bathra 15a attributed the authorship to the prophet Jeremiah on the basis that 2 Kings 24:18-25:30 was identical to Jeremiah 52. Traditionally, Christian scholars accepted this explanation without much qualm. However, in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century, scholars took the view that someone edited Kings from already existing works. Since the theme of following the Law of Moses recorded in the book of Deuteronomy runs throughout Genesis-2 Kings, most scholars title the person or persons who did the writing and editing of these books the â€Å"Deuteronomist.† This paper will refer to the writer of 1-2 Kings as the Deuteronomist in keeping with scholastic tradition. Some scholars believe the Deuteronomist wrote during or after the Babylonian exile. A writing of the end of 2 Kings during the beginning of the exile is plausible but not later than the start of the exile. A comparison of 1-2 Kings and Chronicles proves this theory. Chronicles was written after theShow MoreRelatedLiterary Context Of King Hezekiah Of Judah 1650 Words   |  7 PagesLiterary Context 2 Kings 19:15-19 contains various theology on prayer and also about who God is. The passage is a simple prayer of King Hezekiah of Judah. And this passage is placed right between 2 King 19 which seems to be the middle of the story of King Hezekiah of Judah but this is the pivotal point of the story. In addition, the passage shows the most critical and difficult state for Hezekiah. He is cornered in by Sennacherib and there is no way out. 2 Kings 19:1-7 is about prophet Isaiah encouragingRead MoreEsther, Research Paper1303 Words   |  6 PagesEsther Subject/Theme of Esther: God will bless the people abundantly for the prayers and good deeds of His elect people. While there are many hidden intents of thought in the book of Esther I affirm that the strongest theme in the book of the Bible is that of Gods providence. We continuously see in the book of Esther Gods grace shown towards those who call on Him. God sets Esther on the throne as queen, saves Mordecai from Haman’s anger and saves the entire nation of Israel from HamanRead More Stephen Kings Influence On American Literature Essay1624 Words   |  7 Pages Stephen King is one of the most influential authors of today. His award-winning novels and short stories are known world -wide. His many awards and nominations have created a space for him in the literary world. King is a true â€Å"Horror King†, for his books, turned movies, have scared millions world- wide. Stephen King has helped bring America to prominence through his many books, essays and short stories. Stephen Edwin King was born on September 21, 1947 at the Maine General Hospital in PortlandRead MoreCase Study : Burger King s Promotion1091 Words   |  5 PagesPromotion Burger King promotes their products by sending out direct mailers every month with discount coupons to one of their target market, which are young adults and low-income families. The mailers advertise â€Å"Over $70 dollars in savings†. â€Å"One of the coupons in the mailer offers two Whoppers, two small french fries, and two small drinks for $ 8.99† (BK mailer , 2016). These deals are so good that their target market the young adult and low-income families can afford to eat at Burger King restaurantsRead MoreNotes On The Messiah And The Psalms By Richard P. Belcher Jr.907 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Psalms and then describes the five major categories of Psalms relating to Jesus the Messiah: the (1) Royal Psalms, (2) Typological – Prophetic Psalms, (3) Prophetic – Typological Psalms, (4) Prophetic – Messianic Psalms, and (5) Eschatological Psalms. Christological Approach to the Psalms The Christological Approach to the Psalms is presented and described by Richard P. Belcher Jr. in his book The Messiah and the Psalms: Preaching Christ from all the Psalms. The Christological Approach to theRead MoreThe Story Of David And Bathsheba1092 Words   |  5 PagesThe Story of David and Bathsheba 2 Samuel presented David as the glorious, ideal and successful king of Israel. David ruled as a successful soldier and a king, but he fails due to his lustful behaviors and indulgence towards sin. 2 Samuel 11-12 reveals God s omnipotent authority through His justice on David’s disloyalty with his kingdom and indulgence towards sin, and God’s mercy by giving David and Bathsheba another chance to live. The Book 2 Samuel is a Historical Narrative story. This book’sRead MoreRole of Ruth and Esther in the Bible1372 Words   |  6 Pagesgroups and among the Israelites themselves. The Prophets seem to have become a closed collection of books and status equal to that of the Law. Kethuvim (the Writings) †¦contains the most diverse material†¦ (Harris, 6), is a miscellaneous repository for all the books accepted later. It contains books of history, prophecy, wisdom, and poetry randomly tossed together in a mixed bag. Jewish books written in Greek such as the Apocrypha were not included as part of the canon of the Hebrew Bible. Read MoreBeyond Analysis Of The Book Beyond The River Chebar Essay1489 Words   |  6 PagesBeyond the River Chebar Young Hoon (John) Kim This book, Beyond the River Chebar, is a collection of articles that talks about the kingship and eschatology in Ezekiel. Block wants to show the proper interpretation of the book of Ezekiel by providing different views on the interpretation of certain passages and different theological views. Moreover, Block provides history and other aspects for the better understanding of the book of Ezekiel. Daniel Block starts by introducing Zion theology. Zion theologyRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr1194 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Simmons 1 Gabrielle Simmons Mrs. Fitzgerald Social Studies 8A 4/27/10 Martin Luther King Jr. Martin Luther King Jr. is a well known and an inspiring man to all cultures of the world. King was and still is one of the most influential heroes. King s views and believes helped African Americans through the 50 s and 60 s to the rights and liberties that was their right. King faced many obstacles on his journey, things like jail and even assassination attempts. Despite these obstacles,Read MoreSuccesses Of The Third Crusade1339 Words   |  6 Pages Successes of the Third Crusade Bryce Murzyn Mrs. Carrol MYP World History Period 1 4/23/17 Word Count: 1108 Table of contents Page Identification and Evaluation of Sources . . . . . . . . 1 Investigation . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . 3 End Notes . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Identification and Evaluation of Sources This investigation attempts to answer

Parent Student Letter re Exams Jan Free Essays

New Horizons classes will resume on a regular schedule during the Hampton City Schools exam week. Students will therefore be excused from New Horizons classes when they have exams at Hampton High School, but the student needs to share that with the New Horizons teacher in advance. Students may attend New Horizons when they do not have exams at Hampton High School. We will write a custom essay sample on Parent Student Letter re Exams Jan or any similar topic only for you Order Now Please avoid scheduling dental and medical appointments during the exam period. If illness or some other emergency arises, which prevents a student from being in attendance for a scheduled exam, parents/guardians must communicate with the appropriate teacher(s) to reschedule. If justification for missing an exam cannot be validated and/or no communication occurs between the parent and the school, the student shall be considered unexcused and will receive a â€Å"O† for the semester exam, regardless of the class average. The Attendance Office may be reached at 896-5882 for emergencies during the exam period. If a student arrives with an unexcused tardy to an exam period, he/she may have the remaining time to complete the exam, however additional time will not be provided. If a student arrives with an excused tardy, the teacher may offer additional time prior to the completion of the exam week so that the student has the full 2 hours as needed. Transportation will be the student’s responsibility. Monday, Jan aura 26th, and Tuesday, January 27th, will be Teacher Workdays. Students will not report on either day. The second semester will begin on a RED Day on January 28th. All 1st block class locations will be posted on the walls. Students may have different courses, teachers or room locations. Students will receive complete 2nd semester schedules from their 1st block teachers. We hope this information helps you prepare for the culmination of the 1st semester of the 2014-2015 school year. We wish all of our students success on their exams. Sincerely, The Hampton High School Administrative Team How to cite Parent Student Letter re Exams Jan, Essays

Essay about the Revenue Manipulation

Question: Write an essay about the Revenue Manipulation. Answer: The issue involved in the case given is the case of the revenue management. In this, one of the ways of smoothing of the things or the reported earnings is undertaken by the help of manipulation of the real transactions. This could be achieved by the way of cutting down the discretionary costs such as that of the expenses like the advertising and the research and development. It is also true that there are many of the real problems for the companies such as the lesser amounts of the sales during the subsequent periods or the loss of the economic opportunities that results from the cutbacks in the discretionary spending (Revenue recognition, 2016). The revenue management is something that when it comes to the expenses, the companies understate the income statement so that there is an increased amount of the net income in the books of accounts. This is achieved through the deferring of the expenditures so as to include the expenses that occurs in the current year and wherein the firm can prop up the profits. These are the deferred expenses that includes the payments that have been made but will not be reported as an expense till the future period of accounting. The same is reported in the balance sheet till the asset expires. There are many of the expenses that are required to be charged to the statement of income. There are many of the companies that ignore the stated requirement and also helps in the capitalisation of the normal operating expense such as the assets and also helps in the amortisation of the stated expenses over the period of time. This helps in the reduction of the various expenses and gives a false impression of the improved earnings (Economic times, 2016). Many organizations considers the measures of accounting for the measurement to pay that frequently contents with the variety of different ad undesirable and unethical behaviours. The business press helps in the repleting with the stories about as to how the employees that are engaged in the dysfunctional and questionable ethical behaviours that are illegal in nature (Proformative, 2016). This helps in making themselves to look better on the evaluation of the performances and for the purposes of obtaining the bonuses. These are the behaviours that generally leads to the bias of the information or tin the co-ordination of the various activities to the game in the realisation of the various budgets or in the timing of the reported or the actual economic events for the purposes of shifting between the periods which is also termed as the earnings management (Walker, 2016). Ethical dilemma: In the given case, Susan wants to increase the profitability base so that an increased amount of the profit could be reported in the books of accounts she attempts to comply with this with the help of allocation of the base of the maintenance costs. This would lead to decrease in the amounts of the expenses and will show a higher amount of the profits. This is technically wrong and in fact is also ethically wrong (Academic, 2016). Larry on the other hand thinks that what she was asking him to do was wrong and did not comply with the same. Hence, he resigned but what he did was not right since he should have brought the above stated fact to light. The ethics involved in the stated is that of the earnings management or the manipulation of the earnings. Stakeholders: The stakeholders in this given case is the shareholders, the management of the company. Alternatives available to Larry: Instead of resigning, Larry should have brought these facts into light in front of these shareholders. Reason for choosing other alternatives: Resigning just because of a disagreement is never an option, he should have taken the above stated step. Conclusion: Larry should not have resigned. He should have brought the various things stated above in light in front of the management and the various other stakeholders. References: Academia.edu. (2016).Do Governments Manipulate Their Revenue Forecasts? Budget Speech and Budget Outcomes in the Canadian Provinces. Altamuro, J., Beatty, A. and Weber, J. (n.d.). Motives for Early Revenue Recognition: Evidence from SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) 101. timesofindia-economictimes. (2007).How companies fudge figures to dress up their accounts. Walker, K. and Fleischman, G. (2013). Toeing the Line: The Ethics of Manipulating Budgets and Earnings.

Asia Pacific free essay sample

The dropping of the bombs, which occurred by executive order of US President Harry Truman, remains the only nuclear attack in history. Much heated debate has sparked over the reasons necessity of dropping the atomic bombs. Conventional wisdom has it that the both bombings of the cities was justifiable as they were needed to shock the Japanese into surrendering unconditionally; unconditional surrender referred to no negotiated peace by the Japanese, meaning that they had to submit themselves totally to the will judgment of the Allies after surrender.It is believed that prior to the bombings, Japanese overspent refused to surrender in July 1 945, even though by then they cannot hope to win the war anymore, as they were fearful of endangering the survival of the emperor the Imperial family by doing so. As such, one can say that the atomic bombing of both Hiroshima Nagasaki were necessary as there was a need to coerce the Japanese into quickly surrendering. We will write a custom essay sample on Asia Pacific or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, it is also accurate to mention that the Japanese would have agreed to unconditional surrender, bringing the war to an end, had the USA indicated to Japan that they would allow the retention of the Emperor amp; his throne, as investigated by US intelligence experts long before the atomic bomb was used. Furthermore, it was also suggested that the Japanese were more concerned with the possibility of the Soviet Unions entry into the war, and would have allowed absolute surrender had the still-neutral Russian army attack Japan.Therefore, the dropping of atom bombs on Hiroshima ; Nagasaki was uncalled for, in securing unconditional Japanese surrender. The atomic bombing of Hiroshima camp; Nagasaki was necessary in order to pressure Japan into agreeing into unconditional surrender as soon as Seibel. Although voices within the US Military expressed caution regarding the use of the new weapon against Japan, President Truman was decided that the bomb was the correct ; only option.Six months of intense strategic firebombing of 37 Japanese cities around Tokyo area had done little to break the Japanese regimes resolve, and Japan continued to resolutely ignore the demand for unconditional surrender as stated in the Potsdam Declaration. In such circumstances, the use of the atom bombs were seen as the best means of forcing Japan to surrender, thereby ending the war. The alternative was an Allied invasion of the Japanese home islands, to which many World War II era servicemen had been preparing for.This was believed to lead to even more American casualties; more than 55,000 Americans had already perished fighting the war against the Japane se in the Pacific. An invasion was certain to be very costly in American lives, and this was what Truman wanted to avoid by all means. Japan was on the breaking point of surrender, but they needed to first fully give up resistance, before the war could end quickly efficiently.With hardliners, including war minister Karachi Miami, who advocated holding out longer to try to save national pride, as well as militarists with the fear that the Japanese monarchy would be eliminated, it is no wonder that Truman jumped at the opportunity using the atomic bombs it would be able to accomplish his primary objectives of forcing a prompt Japanese surrender saving American lives. Therefore, since it could force the Japanese into unconditional surrender, it was decided that the dropping of the atomic bombs on the two Japanese cities was necessary.However, Japan would have agreed to unconditional surrender, with the consensus that the US allows Japan to retain her imperial family Emperor. As it became apparent to the Japanese that they would lose the war, Japan began sending peace offers to the United States via Moscow, as well as through the Swiss embassy in Tokyo. These messages were intercepted by the US; this highlights that Americas civilian leadership was well aware that the Japanese were on the verge of surrender they would surrender without an invasion, especially if guarantees were given that the emperor would be allowed to retain his throne.Furthermore, Former President Herbert Hoover wrote a letter to Truman, admonishing him to make US intentions regarding the surrender clear. In fact, Secretary of War Henry Stemson had suggested retaining the reference to the imperial structure in the declaration, but this was not added; the Japanese military interpreted the omission of any commitment on the Throne as evidence of the Allied intention to destroy forever the foundation stone of the Japanese nation.This implies that the Truman administration had knowledge of the fact that the Japanese would render eventually, and even faster should the terms they requested be allowed, but deliberately ignored this ; other Japanese attempts to enter an agreement of surrender. Henceforth, this clearly points to the fact that the USA had other motives for the dropping of the atomic bombs, and that they were unnecessary in procuring unconditional surrender from the Japanese.In addition, the Japanese would have given in to unconditional surrender eventually, as they were worried about a possible declaration Of war by the Soviets. Japan was already in ruins. Japanese cities had b een literally bombed onto rubble; the Home Islands had been isolated from their normal sources of food as U. S. Submarines prowled Japanese waters, cutting sea arteries to the Asian mainland. F-DOD ; other commodities were in short supply ; the population was on the verge of starvation.The Imperial Japanese Navy had been destroyed ; the Army was depending on a large degree on civilians. This showed that Japan was also defenseless by the summer of 1945. An invasion by the Soviets was on loom, and this would greatly threaten the remaining national interests, such as Manchuria ; Korea. Moreover, Japanese troops were scattered all over China ; the Pacific; they were too thinly spread camp; would not be able to hold off an invasion by the Soviets.Therefore, the Japanese would have eventually surrendered unconditionally, due to the Russian invasion, which happened after the atomic bombings of Hiroshima ; Nagasaki. Thus, the dropping of the atom bombs was unnecessary. To conclude, the dropping of the atomic bombs were unnecessary as the Japanese would have surrendered unconditionally, had the Americans decided to allow the retention of the Emperor earlier, or due to the eventual Soviet invasion.

Danny and the Ring Essays

Danny and the Ring Essays Danny and the Ring Essay Danny and the Ring Essay Even though the spring Sun was out in force. the air current still made Danny’s nose so cold that it wouldn’t stop running. The weather forecaster said that it was traveling to rain subsequently. but so far the sunlight made him squinch his eyes as he walked. Every twenty-four hours. Danny had to be at work by 7:30 in the forenoon. and he had neer been tardily. He walked up the concrete stairss to the door of the funeral place easy. taking attention non to trip on the in-between measure. which had a big cleft in it. When he got to the door. he wiped his olfactory organ with his arm. and so fumbled for his particular key. There wasn’t anything else in his pocket. but Danny still fumbled anyhow. A minute subsequently. he took the key which was on a long shoe lace twine and opened the heavy wooden door. flinching at the squeak that cut through the silence of the cold April forenoon. Danny took his occupation really earnestly. and was reasonably good at it. The wage was plenty to assist pay for his room at the Special House where he lived. and he liked his good friend Dr. Jacob that worked with him in the cellar. Jacob arrived at the funeral place every twenty-four hours about a half an hr after Danny got at that place. He thought Danny was a good child. and he liked the fact that even though he had Downs Syndrome. Danny took to the occupation good. One thing he couldn’t understand is how he made it every forenoon at the same exact clip like clockwork. Jacob worked on the organic structures downstairs. acquiring them processed and ready for sing. Danny would come in and brush. swab. and by and large clean up the workshop. The first twenty-four hours that Danny came in to work. he saw Jacob hooking up hosieries to a organic structure. Danny was amazed. yet really unagitated and understanding. desiring to calculate out precisely what Jacob was up to. After Jacob tried to give Danny an overview of what he was making and why. Danny merely told him that he didn’t acquire it. but that he was a heck of a physician. After that. Jacob had become Dr. Jacob. Danny was already started when Dr. Jacob had arrived that forenoon. The pail was drawn with fresh hot soapy H2O. and most of the floors had already been swept. Danny was acquiring the swab ready when Dr. Jacob got off the lift. Danny greeted him with his celebrated smiling. and went to agitate his manus like he did every forenoon. Hands are all full today Danny. allow me acquire over to the counter and bead off my material. The unfertile odor of cleaner assorted in with the lingering methanal wafted it’s manner around Dr. Jacob’s olfactory organ and told his encephalon that it was clip to acquire to work. He dropped off his coat and tiffin and so turned to Danny. who was waiting patiently for his forenoon handshaking. Here ya travel Danny. and a good forenoon to you excessively. They shook custodies and Danny was back to work once more. The silence was intolerable down at that place in the keep. as it was sometimes called. Dr. Jacob went to get down up the Mr. Coffee. and so turn on the wireless. You know you can turn this on when you get here Danny male child to give you some melodies to work to. compensate? Dr. Jacob said. Not till your here Dr. Jacob. No wireless till your here. Your java is about ready. Got to acquire back to work now. Danny smiled with his whole face. eyes and all. He turned and grabbed the swab and began to dunk it and pealing it out. acquiring ready to wipe up the dressing room. That was the room that Dr. Jacob couldn’t base. He could work on the dead. treating organic structure fluids and what non. without vacillation. But there was something eldritch about acquiring them dressed for the last clip. complete with hair dos’ and all that he merely couldn’t tummy. That occupation was left to the dark cat. Joe. He was gone earlier six every twenty-four hours. and got at that place at approximately ten at dark. Joe did reasonably good work. even made up the ladies with lip rouge and all. but Dr. Jacob tried to avoid the whole country if he could. He put some cream pitcher in his java. and turned up the wireless a spot. and sat down at his desk to reexamine the files that came with each organic structure. He was working on his 2nd cup when he heard Danny cry. Dr. Jacob jumped up. sloping his java on his white lab coat. and ran over to the dressing room. He had neer heard Danny bellow like that. and he thought something was really incorrect. He walked though the dual doors and found Danny sitting in the corner. swaying back and Forth. Danny. what happened? What’s incorrectly? Come on up Danny male child. state me what’s traveling on? The lady said she needed her pealing back. She said give it back to her. She was a huffy lady. Danny. there’s no 1 else down here but you and me. The lift hasn’t moved all twenty-four hours. There can’t be any lady in this cellar. Did you acquire scared by one of the organic structures down here? Do you desire to travel place? No. I will acquire back to work. Your right. Larissa is gone now. I’m regretful Dr. Jacob. Danny dusted himself off and picked up the swab. and started right up once more where he had left off. Dr. Jacob took a long expression around the room. but didn’t see anything out of the ordinary. Danny had calmed down. about as if nil had happened. Dr. Jacob shook it off and went back to his desk. and decided to name Joe and inquire him if anything had been traveling on the dark before. The phone rang three times. so a dazed voice was on the other terminal. Hello? This better be of import. I’m kiping. Hey Joe. this is Jacob down at the place. Anything eldritch happen last dark? No interruption ins or anybody spying about in the cellar dressing room? What? No adult male. Merely concern as usual. Had two biddies to make up last dark. Hell. it was kinda slow. Something traveling on or what? No. Danny got freaked out. Said something about some lady named Larissa that wanted her pealing back. I looked about and at that place ain’t cipher else in here but us. The doors upstairs dosen’t unfastened until ten in the forenoon. I merely thought you might of known something. Travel back to bed Joe. if anything comes up I give you a cry. I’ll come in early tonight. look into the topographic point out. See ya Doc. Dr. Jacob hung the phone back into topographic point and got up to get down working on the first client of the twenty-four hours. At lunch period. Danny went place. and Dr. Jacob went upstairs to look into in with the director. He mentioned what happened with Danny. and asked if he knew anything about a miss named Larissa. The director had no thought. but asked if it was such a good thought holding Danny working at that place. particularly with his ain key. Dr. Jacob went outside with the director to the parking batch. where the immense old Swann’s mark stood. The Sun had hidden itself behind a thick wall of clouds. and the air current had whipped up another notch. There is nil incorrect with Danny working here. he does a snake pit of a occupation. I took him on so ya. he’s my duty. If something happens. it’s on me. Dr. Jacob stood his land as little beads began falling on the paving of the parking batch. So far. there hasn’t been any jobs. but like I warned you from the start. The first clip he screws up. he’s gone. the director huffed. I got you. there won’t be any jobs. Joe’s coming in early merely to look into everything out. so I might lodge around a small boulder clay he gets here. If you don’t mind. The director rolled his eyes. adjusted his suit. and walked back into the place. Dr. Jacob thought about holding a fume. but the rain truly started kicking in. and it was acquiring colder. He decided to head back in to work. When he got off the lift and headed for the work tabular array. he thought he heard person snuffle. He called out to see who was at that place. Danny came out from around the corner. with a unusual expression on his face. Danny. I thought you went place. What are you making here? I came back to assist Larissa. She’s sad. I don’t like to see a lady call. Can we give her back the ring now? Dr. Jacob explained that there was cipher at that place named Larissa. and he knew nil about a ring. Danny asked if he could remain for awhile and expression for Larissa’s ring. and even though everything in Dr. Jacob’s head told him non to. he told Danny that he could. A twosome hours subsequently. the phone rang. Dr. Jacob answered it. Hey Doc. I was believing about what you asked me earlier. and one of those biddies I did last dark had a toe ring on it. I took it off when I put her places on. and I don’t think I put it back on. Make you believe a household member came looking for it or something? Mabey that’s what freaked Danny boy out. Look on the top of the apparels rack. I’m gon na acquire another hr of shut oculus in before I come down. Dr. Jacob told Danny where to look. and they found the ring. Danny went over to one of the organic structures and placed the ring on the little finger finger. Danny looked up at Dr. Jacob and gave him one of his celebrated smilings. I think she’s happy now. Thank you Dr. Jacob. Danny got on the lift and headed up. Dr. Jacob checked the name on the organic structure. Laurie Essa. Larissa.

Definition of modeling terms Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Definition of modeling terms - Essay Example Spreadsheet engineering is the study of modeling that enables us to plan and develop more complex and detailed business models. The study also facilitates business communication especially performing modeling tasks and accounting statements in effective and efficient manner. Model formulation is to removing needless details and abstracting critical features of the real world. It is a development for making the actual situation understandable, easier and capturing a core objective of solving a real world problem. Decisions are to make up your mind for selecting a way forward keeping in view the possible alternatives. The decision can be taken on the number of items to buy/sell, quantity of items to be manufactured Problem Context is an activity of modeling that explains the fundamental causes and the current situation of the problem raised by the modeler. It should be structured considering the client’s view of the problem so that they can guide to a solution. Model structure is an activity of modeling in which a modeler builds a model by selecting/ inserting items, values and their relationship in the spreadsheets considering options of using model types, breaking the problem into sub-problems. Model assessment is an activity of modeling in which the developed models are evaluated to find out either they are viable, suitable and satisfactoriness keeping in view the problem of the client and objective of their

Abortion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 5

Abortion - Essay Example But on the other hand, reasons for abortions have not always included health risks. The key questions continually in debate are about the constitutional rights to an abortion, whether the fetus is a person and the morality of an abortion. The legal and moral decisions are based somewhat on the whether one believes that the fetus is a person. Dr Schwarz contends that the fetus is a person, as he describes, â€Å"a fully real person, the same person he will later be. He is only smaller, less developed, in a different environment, and more dependent, in comparison to a born baby†. He believes that the term fetus means â€Å"young one† and so it indicates a young human person. We have to consider what is the difference between the fetus in the womb and the child that is born few minutes after. He argues that once the fetus exhibits the traits which determine personhood, i.e. consciousness, (especially the capacity to feel pain), reasoning, self-motivated activity and the capacity to communicate, then in fact it must be considered a person. This is in keeping with the views of the pro-life supporters who believe that the fetus is a human being from the moment of conception- once the egg and sperm unite. According to this view the fetus has legal rights from this moment of conception. On the other hand there are pro-choice defenders (who believe that the mother has the right to decide on an abortion) who believe the fetus is only a potential human being when it becomes viable, that is, able to survive outside its mother’s womb. Until then the mother carrying the fetus has legal rights over the fetus and can decide whether or not to have an abortion. However according to Encarta, there is no definite consensus on whether the fetus is a person on not. . As they explain, â€Å" Embryology, the study of fetal development, offers little insight about the fetus’s status at the time of

Environmental Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Environmental Management - Essay Example We all know facts: and many of us even try to struggle for our goals, to "make this world a better place", as my beloved idol Michael Jackson used to sing. We receive daily newsletters from various organisations that are - or pretend to be - actively involved in fixing the environmental issues generated by their activities, and often, these organisations even create media campaigns destined to show that they are keenly interested in combating pollution. They claim that they doing their best. They often support these claims by issuing statements, figures, tables, calculations and press releases. They have hired experts especially trained to show an immaculate image, and often they prefer to invest massive sums in huge advertising campaigns, instead of investing in research destined to develop proper solutions for the preservation of our heritage: the natural resources and the balance of the environment. A huge step ahead was made by authorities when they started introducing environmental management standards and regulations - created as objective rules that keep pollution under control. Moreover, we have to notice that authorities tend to be stricter than ever before regarding the eco standards imposed to companies. There are a wide series of standards that must be fulfilled, so that auditors would grant their approval for your activity. ISO 14,001 is the certificate one aims for - and you must be certain to know your ways around in order to achieve it! And ISO 14004 is the one to focus on environment management systems, first of all. ISO 14,001 is downloadable and purchasable on the website standardsdirect.org. There one may find plenty of information regarding the standards that refer to environmental management systems, auditing, performance evaluation, labelling, life-cycle assessment and environmental aspects in product standards. Therefore, it is everyone's interest to become competitive on the international market by assuming these regulations and standards. As I have previously mentioned, most organizations have adopted strategies that show their constant and permanent interest in the environment, strategies that serve a double purpose: first of all, create an immaculate and environment-friendly image to the company, and second, encourage the customer to trust the mentioned company. Unfortunately, the world we live in pays a lot more respect to image, and sometimes fails to focus on the essence. Advertising was created as a tool for fooling the ordinary man; and we all were fooled at least once or twice. And some of us never manage to realise that we are misinformed. A fact we should all keep in mind is that the transparency of the information shared by various organizations and companies is less than satisfactory - as it is always an option to avoid the additional expenses generated by the development of environment friendly techniques. And another unfortunate fact is that, in many countries that were heavily hit by the recent recession, auditors tend to be less then exigent, and authorities are more indulgent, as everyone has a common purpose: to sell the goodies and cash their share. The industry I would like to refer to in this paper is the leather and fur industry of Eastern Asia. I have chosen this subject because it impressed me,

Things Fall Apart | Okonkwo

Things Fall Apart | Okonkwo Chapter 1 â€Å"He was a man of action, a man of warOn great occasions such as the funeral of a village celebrity he drank his palm-wine from his first human head.† (Page 10) This quote introduces us of to Okonkwos tradition to drink his palm-wine from a human skull. This shows us the difference between Okonkwo and Ibo. This also shows that Okonkwo admires men who are tough fighters as well. He rejected his father, a man who was afraid of the sight of blood, partially because he never became a fighter. Chapter 2 â€Å"Perhaps down in his heart Okonkwo was not a cruel man. But his whole life was dominated by fear, the fear of failure and of weakness.†(Page 13) The quote emphasizes that Okonkwo felt that his father was a failure. According to Okonkwo, his father possessed unsuitable feminine qualities. This is one of the fundamental causes which cause him to commit some silly acts. His actions also results in his eldest son in becoming a â€Å"failure† (in Okonkwos opinion) as well. His son possesses none of the qualities that Okonkwo admires. Chapter 3 â€Å"An old woman is always uneasy when dry bones are mentioned in a proverb. Okonkwo remembered his own father.†(Page 21) This Ibo proverb shows how much Okonkwo hates his father. He felt that he was a failure and he basically rejects everything that his father stood for. He is ashamed of his father, primarily because of his coward-like qualities, his failure to rise up in society, and his failure to become a warrior. Chapter 4 But he was not the man to go about telling his neighbors that he was in error. And so people said he had no respect for the gods of the clan. His enemies said that his good fortune had gone to his head. (Page 33) In this quote, Achebe portrays Okonkwos character. Okonkwo clearly shows a lack of thought topped by his pretentiousness. He was not a very likable person. Thus, people hated him and his achievements and was respected by very few. Later on in the novel, we also see another characteristic develop in Okonkwo hypocrisy. In those later chapters, he will reject everything he and his tribesman stand for. Chapter 5 â€Å"The Feast of the New Yam was held every year before the harvest began, to honor the earth goddess and the ancestral spirits of the clan. New yams could not be eaten until some had first been offered to these powers. Men and women, young and old, looked forward to the New Yam Festival because it began the season of plentythe new year.† (Page 36) When we were reading Great Expectations, we were asked to carefully analyze the food present in the novel. The food present in Things Fall Apart is as significant. Yams was the main source of food. In fact, the yams were so highly regarded in the society that they were often called the the king of the crops. Further, people utilized the yams for all traditional celebrations. This food can be linked with the religious and ancestral societal spirits. Certain celebrations such as the New Yam Festival took place to honor certain foods. Chinua Achebe used agriculture to express certain characteristics of each festival and celebration of the Igbo society. Chapter 6 â€Å"The wrestlers were now almost stillin each others grip. The muscles on their arms and their thighs and on their backs stood out and twitched It looked like an equal match.† (Page 50) Although this chapter may seem significant it actually has a very significant common idea the wrestling match. Although wrestling may seem like a brutal sport, it was an integral part of the local culture and society. Tribal customs outline what every member is supposed to do. Without customs, a culture does not exist. Moreover, wrestling matches for the Ibo village signified a boy becoming a man. The only way to prove himself worthy to be a man is to wrestle. This shows the importance of physical strength in the tribe. Chapter 7 No matter how prosperous a man was, if he was unable to rule his women and his children (and especially his women) he was not really a man. (Page 53) Okonkwo, the protagonist of the novel, is a very gender-role oriented man. When women gained the power to trade, we are made aware that their status in society is progressing upwards. Trade changed basic family relations and the ideas upon which Igbo culture was established. It seems the idea that a man should â€Å"rule his women and children† does not perhaps come from Okonkwo himself, but rather from the Igbo culture itself. Overall, however, this quote symbolizes that women were looked upon as being inferior to men at the time. Chapter 8 â€Å"When did you become a shivering old woman, Okonkwo asked himself, you, who are known in all the nine villages for your valor in war? How can a man who has killed five men in battle fall to pieces because he has added a boy to their number? Okonkwo, you have become a woman indeed.† (Page 65) The Ibo culture is very different from modern culture as shown by the novel. One clear difference between most modern societies and the Ibo society was that warfare between different clans or tribes does not occur. The Ibo culture praises manliness and parades fighters. Today, society teaches us to honor warriors who fight against other countries, rather than with regional clans. This quote shows that vast difference between the two time periods. Chapter 9 â€Å"For the first time in three nights,Okonkwo slept.He woke up oncein the middle of thenightand his mind went back to the pastthreedays without making him feel uneasy. He began to wonder why he had felt uneasy at all.† (Page 75) In this quote, we see that Okonkwo is noticing something wrong. He feels that something is simply not right, yet he cannot figure what it quite is. Later on in the novel, we will learn that â€Å"things fall apart.† This quote is an indication that something wrong will happen. This shows Achebe using foreshadowing to provide insight into what might happen next. Chapter 10 â€Å"Okonkwos wives, and perhaps other women as well, might have noticed that the secondegwugwuhad the springy walk of Okonkwo. And they might also have noticed that Okonkwo was not among the titled men and elders who sat behind the row ofegwugwu. But if they thought these things they kept them to themselves.† (Pages 89-90) This quote portrays a scene in much detail while also using humor. The thoughtful silence of the women is extremely ironic. The quote reveals the attitude of women on the topic of power. Here, the women also reveal that they posses more knowledge of reality as compared to what they wish to reveal. Therefore, Achebe seems to recognize the importance and equality of women, something which was not usually regarded in a male dominant society. Chapter 11 â€Å"Go home and sleep, said Okonkwo. ‘I shall wait here.' (Page 108) Okonkwo seems to genuinely love his family. He also seems to have genuine concern over the welfare and wellbeing of his children. In this quote, Okonkwo demonstrates his concern over the safety of his family. Although some would argue that Okonkwos â€Å"iron fisted† rule clearly shows no love for his family, I would differ. Perhaps, these beatings, instead, represented the way people acted in the society at that time. Physical punishment was very common in the era. Therefore, it is possible that Okonkwo was only using the beatings as a method to teach his children discipline. Basically, Okonwo loves his family, however, he is afraid to show this quality since her fears that it might portray him as being feminine. Chapter 12 â€Å"Okonkwo was also feeling tired, and sleepy, for although nobody else knew it, he had not slept at all last night.† (Page 112) Chapter 12 marks the first time that Okonkwo seems to be tired. This was a quality that he detested. Achebe shows Okonkwos tiredness to conflict with his earlier beliefs. This shows Okonkwos hypocritical nature. The fact that Okonkwo broke his vow is crucial since they were the foundation of his life. This will cause problems for him further on in the novel. Chapter 13 â€Å"The only course open to Okonkwo was to flee from the clan.† (Page 124) In the second part of the novel, Achebe uses several incidents that hold back Okonkwo from the commendation of his tribesman, establishing asimilarity towards his own father. This was surprising considering his own hatred for his father. In this quote Okonkwo accidently kills the tribesmans son and then escapes from the village to hide from any punishment. This shows his cowardness, a characteristic possessed by his father. This also shows Okonkwos hypocrisy. After all, he, himself, looked down upon cowards. Chapter 14 It was like beginning life anew without the vigor and enthusiasm of youth, like learning to become left-handed in old age.(Page 131) Okonkwo, after noticing change in his society, felt difficult to go on with his life. He had to start a news chapter in his life. This quote illustrates Okonkwo as a person who seems to have lost his will to live life. Okonkwos qualitys and his goal in becoming a fighter, unlike his father, fade away and he becomes a different man. Chapter 15 Those were good days when a man had friends in distant clans. Your generation does not know that. You stay at home, afraid of your next-door neighbor. Even a mans motherland is strange to him nowadays. (Page 137) In this quote, Unchendu is telling Okwondo about the past. Although, the quote refers to men interacting within their classes, on a deeper level, it shows the change that has occurred within the society. People are changing and tradations are changing as well. The traditions that the people of the society want to stay the same are changing as well. This will eventually be the â€Å"things† that fall apart. Yet, all of this was expected. After all, the title of the novel is â€Å"Things Fall Apart.† Since everything was going so perfectly, something was bound to happen. Chapter 16 â€Å"The missionaries had come to Umuofia. They had built their church there, won a handful of converts and were already sending evangelists to the surrounding areas and villages.† (Page 143) The invasion of the Europeans of Africa was expected. Achebe mentions that the missionaries were moving there. Although, I do not endorse the Europeans coming into Africa, the Europeans coming into the village illustrated a very interesting idea the clashing of cultures. Their invasion of the villages illustrated how the traditional values of the Umuofia society could be so easily changed by this modern theology. This gives everyone a chance to think for themselves, rather than simply following what was traditionally thought of to be right. It gave the people a choice. This choice was taken by Nwoye who made his own path in life. Chapter 17 Living fire begets cold, impotent ash.(Page 153) This quote is metaphor for a very important idea. This comes after Nwoyesrejection of traditional Igbo values and conversion to Christianity. Nwoye, the oldest son of Okonkwo, is lazy and weak (according to Okonkwo). This quote emphasizes the realization of Okonkwo that his behavior leaves powerlessness in others, especially his son. Okonkwo believes the Nwoye and his father posses the same weakness. Chapter 18 In the land of his fathers where men were bold and warlike. In these seven years he would have climbed to the utmost heights. And so regretted everyday of his exile (p.163). This excerpt also emphasizes Okonkwos desire for power and status. During his exile, Okonkwo got in touch with the feminine side inside him. Okonkwo is a man who loves courage and Umuofia was full of men who fit that description. It seems that Okonkwo will go back to Umuodia and everything will have changed. After all, the title of the novel is â€Å"Things Fall Apart.† Nothing has â€Å"fallen apart,† yet so something is bound to happen. This idea shows that Achebe, like Charles Dickens, too, uses the idea of foreshadowing. Chapter 19 I fear for you young people because you do not understand how strong is the bond of kinship. You do not know what it is to speak with one voice. (Page 167) This quote is told by an elder to Okwondo. Kinship and connections, which have been crucial parts of the Ibo culture, seem to â€Å"fall apart† as the novel progresses. This quote sparks questions in my mind. Was there any fragmentation amongst the Ibo people from colonization? The Ibo people gathered for wrestling matches and other festivities. Okonkwo clashes with his culture very often. Chapter 20 â€Å"The white man is very clever. He came quietly and peaceably with his religion. We were amused at his foolishness and allowed him to stay. Now he has won our brothers, and our clan can no longer act like one. He has put a knife on the things that held us together and we have fallen apart.† (Page 176) Obierika mourns over the white man coming to Africa. However, at the same time, he believes that it is the Africans fault for letting the white man come. Mr. Brown, the first white missionary, believes that it is necessary to act peacefully in order to convert people. When Reverend Smith replaces him, he goes against the indigenous tribes and treats them badly. Chapter 21 He mourned for the clan, which he saw breaking up and falling apart and he mourned for the warlike men of Umuofia, who had so unaccountably become soft like women† (Page 183) Okonkwo wanted that the ideology of his clan should survive. The society to have several violent attributes. By giving into the Christians, Umuofia broke up and fell apart and turned as â€Å"soft as women.† I believed that Okonkwo did not pay the consequences because he killed the messenger. Okonkwo had killed others before. Okonkwo died because he did it for himself and the beliefs of the clan.The quote above not only shows Okonkwos dismay at the fall of the clan, but also his hatred of feminine qualities, a controversial topic in the novel. Chapter 22 He saw things as black and white.And black was evil.He saw the world as a battlefield in whichthe children of light were locked in mortal conflict with the sons of darkness. (Page 184) Mr. Smith speaks against the god Baal. Many struggles against Baal have been mentioned in the Bible. This shows Achebes criticism of racism. Achebe criticizes the â€Å"black and white† idea. Most racism is based on stories rather than any practical events. Therefore, this view has modified reality, something which Achebe seems to be very against. Chapter 23 â€Å"For the first time in many years Okonkwohad a feeling that was akin to happiness. The times which had altered so unaccountably during his exile seemed to be coming round again. The clan which had turned false on him appeared to be making amends.† (Page 192) This quote symbolizes a change, something which has happened very rarely in the novel. The status of the clan remains somewhat the same in various portions of the novel. However, at this time, the tribe is prosperous which is unlike the norm. However, this happiness will not last for long. After all, the novel has to live up to its expectations which are clearly revealed in the novel something must fall apart. This indicates that perhaps the tribe will disintegrate in the last few chapters. This might lead to a drastic turn in the novel. Chapter 24 â€Å"He knew that that Umuofia would not go to war. He knew because they had let the other messengers escape† (Page 205). Okonkwos suicide meant more than his own tragedy. It symbolized the finish of his society and all the values that prevailed. I think he killed himself because he felt there was no more hope in believing that his tribe would survive and defend itself. Okonkwo tried to represent that everything his tribe wanted. If the tribe wasnt going to survive with the way people were growing up, then he wanted to die too. If the societys life was going to be taken, his was going to be taken too. Chapter 25 â€Å"He had already chosen the title of the book, after much thought:The Pacification of the Primitive Tribes of the Lower Niger.† (Page 209) This quote indicates the racist attitude that the District Commissioner has towards the local tribes. He is a pompous man who thinks he understands the indigenous culture and tribes, while he clearly does not. While he feels that he is bringing peace to the region, he is clearly doing nothing of the sort. He also seems to be very shallow. He makes remarks on â€Å"love of superfluous words† of the villagers. In this, he mocks the language of the villagers.

John Locke :: Empiricists, Empiricism

Property cannot be made secure by natural right alone, and for the better securing of their properties men have entered into civil society. The will of the body politic, when formed, is determined by the will of the majority, and of a bare majority if there be no different express agreement. For this Locke does not give any reason but the necessity of the case; it is certain that much worse ones have been given. As a matter of fact, we now know that a majority vote has not been generally recognized in archaic societies; the difficulty of obtaining nominal unanimity was overcome (as in special cases it still has to be) by various methods, including varying elements of force and fiction. This does not apply to the original agreement to form a society, which is assumed to be unanimous, and includes only the actual parties to it. Any one who stands out may go his ways and provide for himself elsewhere. It would seem that the community is entitled to enforce his departure; it is certain, on Locke's principles, that it has not the right to detain him against his will. Could he agree to stay in an inferior capacity like that of a resident alien? But it is needless to pursue the auxiliary fictions which might be devised. A body politic, then, is formed by consent; the essential term of the agreement is that every member gives up his natural judicial and executive power to the community (not, as Hobbes maintains, to an irresponsible sovereign); and this consent is renewed, tacitly if not expressly, in the person of every new member; for one cannot accept the benefit of a settled government except on those terms on which it is offered. Locke is bold to assert that 'a child is born a subject of no country or government,' and may choose his allegiance for himself at the age of discretion: this is another opinion which no modern lawyer

A Paper on Domestic Violence

Domestic violence is phenomenal societal problems that are plaguing human society at the present times which victims are mostly women and children.   They are usually victims of physical or sexual assault.Because women are prone to be victims of domestic violence, Feminist expressed concern about the widespread problem plaguing the present generation and struggle towards getting protection for women from the court.Although, most of the offenses were hidden under family affairs, Carol Bolimer, Jennyfer Brandth, Denise Bronson, and Helen Hartnett, in their article, Domestic Violence Law Reforms: Reaction from the Trenches, say that, Feminists are gaining success in their efforts, as criminal justice personnel are now getting   more objective investigative in handling domestic violence cases.But despite of this hundreds of thousands of American women and children suffer domestic violence each year, studies have shown that sixty percent up to seventy-five percent of families fall vic tims to domestic violence every year; and this problem has already taken thousands of women’s lives.What is domestic violence? How can one determine that he or she is standing on that very dangerous ground?   And what are the solutions to the problem, are some of the contents that this paper attempts to present.Definitions of Domestic ViolenceDomestic violence is defined as a continuum of behavior ranging from verbal abuse, physical and sexual assault, to rape and even homicide.   Most of the cases of domestic violence are perpetuated by â€Å"men against women and their children† In C.J. Newton’s article, domestic violence â€Å"an overview,† he presented a United States Department of Justice report published in May 2000 through the National Crime Victimization Survey and the FBI data, defining domestic violence as â€Å"violent crimes by current or former spouses, boyfriend and girlfriend.   In their definition of violent, it includes lethal (hom icide) and non lethal which they enumerated as rape, sexual assault, robbery, aggravated assault, and simple assault.   The report mentions more than one million crimes committed against persons by the current or former spouses.Deborah Lockton, LLB, MPhil and Professor Richard Ward LLB, identified domestic violence as an act of physical and mental cruelty progressing from a slap or shore, to punch or kick, and to the more extreme manifestation of violence, in suffocation, strangulation, attempted murder and murder.†Causes of Domestic ViolenceDifferent group of people explained the causes of domestic violence, however, as one analyze the causes of the problem, they are similar in terms of gender roles which is fact has something to do with the cultural and historical origin of family.   It is also noted that, changes in terms of roles contributed a lot in the existence of this particular problem.According to feminism, one of the causes of domestic violence is the legal syst em which in their view is patriarchal on several levels. They argue that the law is â€Å"sexist in that it generally treats men better than women.†Ã‚   They emphasized that the criminal justice personnel prior to their effort to gain equal rights with men, treats domestic violence as a family matter and out of the reach of the legal system.They also reveal that police would simply â€Å"take perpetrator for a walk to discuss keeping the little woman in line† and then return her home without further action.†Ã‚   Kristin L. Anderson says Feminist emphasized that domestic violence is â€Å"rooted in gender and power and represents men’s active attempts to maintain dominance and control† (Anderson, 1997).   Feminist sociologist maintains that the main cause of domestic violence is the issue of gender and power.Anderson pointed out that Feminist contend that this is a system of which men â€Å"maintain societal dominance over women.†Ã‚   Lockto n and Ward say, domestic violence continues for years, before the victims take action which sometimes results to the death of either the victim or the perpetrator.But sociologist finds other causes of domestic violence.   They suggested that cohabiting status, unemployment and socio-economic status rank as one of the causes of domestic violence (UNICEF).They agreed that main causes of domestic violence pertain to unequal power relations.   Family institution, where traditional control lies with husband as the head of the family, is seen as breeding ground for domestic violence too.   Beliefs in male traditional superiority and other sanctions that do not recognize women’s and children’s legal rights in the society are also seen as causes of domestic violence plaguing human society worldwide.Nowadays, domestic violence includes physical aggression in which the perpetrator controls the victim by using fear and force.   It occurs usually in traditional marriages o r same-sex relationship especially when relationship is in the verge of collapse.

American Economy essays

American Economy essays The American economy has been in a recession since March, which is troublesome. The recession was declared by the National Bureau of Economic Research, and there is pessimism as well as optimism regarding this national issue. The gloomy idea is that a recovery will not occur soon. The positive view is that revitalization in the economy will transpire promptly, yet this observation is disproven by a Federal Reserve study shows that in twelve Reserve districts the slowdowns outweigh recovery. A definite answer to predict the outcome does not exist, but there are factors of GDP, which can be observed to calculate what may happen in the American economy. These range from government spending, private investment expenditures, consumer expenditures, and net exports. Consumer spending is dropping rapidly over twenty percent yearly. During a economic boom in the 1990s, consumer expenditures reached over 1.4 trillion dollars, and is presently declining more rapidly in the National Association of Purchasing Managers price index. Technology sector purchases have deteriorated at forty percent, and low-technology acquisitions have dropped with equal misfortune. Factorial productivity has decreased for the longest phase since the 1930s. As a result, business profits have sunk up to 52 percent in the second quarter, and this is the largest drop in over two decades. Since businesses are suffering, workers are experiencing fewer benefits from Consumers work fewer hours, collect diminutive bonuses, and endure lower salaries as a result of corporate, financial weakness. The menacing fear of losing jobs prevents consumers is the largest factor which dictates end users financial activities. As companies continue to shutdown facilities and reduce the number of employees, the less the consumer is willing to spend. Unemployment rates are increasing, and will peak seven percent in the near future. Another factor ...

We Real Cool poetry analysis essays

We Real Cool poetry analysis essays Poets use a wide variety of tactics in order to try to express feelings or meaning in their poetry. A poem's subject matter and theme often dictate which tactics are used by the poet to help enhance their audience's experience. We Real Cool? displays the use of a wide variety of poetic devices in order to express its theme. In the short poem, Gwendolyn Brooks attempts to express the irony of certaincool? actions and decisions. The audience is tuned into many of the poet's personal opinions inWe Real Cool? as Brooks tells the tale of a pool player's lifestyle, and this lifestyle's shortcomings. The theme ofWe Real Cool? is that although certain decisions may yield a moment of satisfaction, in the long run wisdom and longevity are what create a happy individual. This theme is meant to advise the poem's audience, and warn that such a lifestyle will only end in early death. This theme is enhanced by Brooks? successful use of poetic devices throughout her poem. InWe Real Cool,? Gwen dolyn Brooks uses a combination of pattern, rime, assonance, and alliteration to create a poem in which the theme echoes in the mind of its audience. With the use of such a sarcastic tone in her poemWe Real Cool,? Brooks enforces the poem's theme using patterned repetition. This repetition makes it clear to the reader that Brooks is implying something opposite from what she is saying, and yields a poem with much more meaning and direction. Repetition is seen throughout the poem with,We real cool. We Left school. We Lurk late?.?(1,2) The pattern continues throughout the poem, each sentence beginning withWe? and containing three syllables. Each statement implies a situation of momentary satisfaction. This is apparent in the line,We real cool. We Left school.?(1,2) where Brooks describes the act of dropping out of school. Although dropping out may alleviate the subject's immediate dislike for a structured schooling environment, it is clear to the audi...

Three Main Components Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Three Main Components - Essay Example It is therefore important to understand the functions, structure and how the criminal American criminal justice system works. The criminal justice system three main components charged with different roles that ensure justice and order. These are the police, courts and corrections working synergistically to serve the intended purpose. Police component of the criminal justice system is composed of state and special service police. State police arm is charged with the roles of patrolling highways, enforcing law & order in rural locations and assisting in the investigative function of local police. Special service police ensure law enforcement in institutions such as the transport sector, school districts, housing etc. The court system in the United States is divided into two i.e. state and federal courts. There is in that states have their own independent court systems. Three levels exist in most state court systems which are the court with limited jurisdiction, courts with general jurisdiction as well as appellate courts. Courts majorly are charged with guarding the constitution in addition to assurance of l aw and order. Corrections are those functions of the criminal justice system aimed at rehabilitating offenders. Programs include paroles, probation, and prisons. Prisons are also of two types; detention and correctional facilities. The court system is the most effective component of the criminal justice system when it comes to discharge its duties. This because it involves adversaries; defense attorney and prosecutor work as opponents while defending their clients’ rights. Victims and the state are represented by the prosecutor while accused persons are represented by their attorneys. The courts are at all times mindful of the individual rights of both accused persons and victims as they are guardians of the constitution. They are obliged to follow â€Å"Due process right† as envisaged in the

UK LAND LAW (question is in the instructions box) Essay

UK LAND LAW (question is in the instructions box) - Essay Example on relates to whether the lease transferred by Troy to Ai-Ai was in conformity or in breach of Lakshmis covenants in the initial lease agreement or not. The second issue relates to Troys position in the contract after the property is transferred to Ai-Ai. Is Troy bounded by his guarantee to check performances of new assignees or not. What is the position of the guarantee in relation to Lakshmi and can be held responsible for the actions of Ai-Ai and Boo? The third issue relates to the possibility of Ai-Ais transfer of the property to Boo. Is the extended holiday in Thailand tantamount to abandonment and is Boos usage of the property tantamount to an assignment? This is an issue because Ai-Ai does not have the right to assign the property without Lakshmis consent. Hence, there is a clear breach. But what are the legal implications? Can Lakshmi sue for forfeiture? The final pointer that will be examined is the legal position of Boos breaking down of the wall in the property to allow in more air. Alterations on the property is a covenant in the lease. Does Lakshmi have the right of forefeiture? And a possible request for damages? A leasehold covenant is a clause in a lease specifying specific obligations on the part of either party2. This include express terms about how things will occur and how the lease is to be regulated. An assignment occurs when a tenant transfers whole or part of his remaining interest in the property to someone else who is an assignee. An assignment is somewhat like a three tier arrangement between a landlord who hands over to the tenant who also hands over to an assignee. In some cases, leases forbid assignments because landlords do not want their property to be transferred to assignees they do not know3. However, in a case where the lease agreement forbids tenants from assignments, a tenant can transfer interest in the lease to another person with the consent of the landlord and this transferee becomes a sub-tenant4. When a tenant

Difficulties of Vocabulary Learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Difficulties of Vocabulary Learning - Essay Example In order Arabian students to effectively gain knowledge of English language, such factors as teaching, translation, mass media and diplomacy are required. English is an instrument of learning at various stages in the educational system of Saudi Arabia. This function justifies the choice of the research paper theme: "Literacy: Vocabulary and Difficulties of learning new words (vocabulary) in FL classes and the use of songs to promote vocabulary learning ". English is the only foreign language taught in educational, industrial and governmental institutions. Employees are required to learn English hard because advertisements for job openings in private sector areas emphasize the employers' preferences for potential employees who can speak English. Mass media development is another medium for the presence of English in Saudi Arabia. One of the two national Saudi TV stations, channel 2, is the English Channel (Braine); European language radio station, with broadcasting in English and some in French is 24 hours a day on air; English daily newspapers, the Arab News, the Daily Riyadh, and the Saudi Gazette are also proofs of English importanc e for Arabs. New researches of modern scientists are directed on second language (English) teaching methods improvement. Guarantees of successful teaching methodology in FL classes are the following four components: objective, content, teaching method, and student evaluation techniques (Braine, 2005). Therefore the main objectives for any teacher in FL class is to teach students to speak, read, and listen with grasping the main ideas of contemporary English discourse and to compose semantic passage of up to half a page about a simple subject or incident. Furthermore students should gain enough language knowledge for communication abilities in the outside world. The latter objective can be reached in case of proper four language skills-listening, reading, speaking, and writing mastering. For Arabian students the most common focus of English language training in FL classes is English for academic purposes. Arabian students with limited English proficiency should be able to deal with the linguistic demands of higher education in their subject area (Braine, 2005). Therefore at the end of the period of training in FL class, it is supposed that learners will gain satisfactory skills in academic English enabling them to study freely in English. Nevertheless, a lot of Arabian students feel themselves unconfident concerning the level of English skills obtained. Thus it is of high importance to find a perfect possibility to practice new words knowledge. Of course, communication with native speakers is an undoubtedly perfect method. However not every academic institution has such a possibility. Thus listening to the songs in English is a medium of native speakers' speech transfer. Further on it is necessary to mention that the usage of songs in Arabian students' education process is briefly overviewed in a small quantity of works. Of course there

Clotel Analysis Essay Example for Free

Clotel Analysis Essay Clotel is an interesting piece of literary work by William Brown, as it exposes the depraved social conditions of Chattel Slavery and its effect on Marriage relations between slave and slave owner. Interestingly, I recognized the stereotypes that can develop from conditions of race and class in our society. More importantly, we see how race and class present higher priviledges to mulatto slaves (quadroons), than what William coins as the real negro. Undeniably, there is a stereotypical belief in todays society that light skin or fairer skin people have an esteemed privilege than that of dark skin people. Although fictional characters, Currer, Clotel, and Althesa are real-life representations of that belief because they were mulattos. One may imply that it is quite stereotypical to say that light skin people have a higher privilege that is not necessarily given to dark skin people, although many believe it to be true as a result of the conditions faced by non-mulatto slaves. However, others may not agree. Currer and her two daughters Clotel and Althesa are all protagonists in this literary work. Currer, a bright mulatto was a housekeeper for slaveholder Thomas Jefferson, upon which she beared Clotel and Althesa. Currer being of the higher class of slaves was permitted to hire her time for more than 20 years. Surely Currer wanted nothing more than to raise her daughters to attract attention in efforts that they might marry into their freedom. Compared to ordinary slaves, Currer and her daughters had once lived in luxury due to privileged conditions of being a mulatto slave. Nevertheless, they were still slaves, and often reminded that they were no different than ordinary slaves. For example, Clotel was only 16 when she was purchased by Horatio Green, son of a wealthy gentleman of Richmond whom promised to make her mistress of her own dwelling. She lived in luxury for a while, and even beared a child named Mary with Horatio. The time came that Horatio began to be involved with politics, and his success with politics being of greater importance proved his union with Clotel would soon end. Horatio took interest in the daughter of a wealthy man with whom he found a connect to success in politics. Horatio later married her, leaving Clotel to be sold to a slaveholder at the demand of his mistress. It is here that we discover that even the mulatto woman is not as esteemed with privilege as she was once perceived to possess. She is still a slave , born of that blood. She may have lived in luxury for a while, but it was very predictable that she would be sold again to the highest bidder, and for the latter purpose. What is so significant about not only Clotels character, but also for her mothers and sisters character is that they are symbolic of how mulatto slaves were used as an even bigger commodity during slavery. They were put on a pedestal to feel as though they had more privilege, only to discover that they really did not. Even more importantly, mulatto slaves knew the significance of having been mixed-bred, and how it could be used in attempt to free themselves, just as Currer had planned for her daughters from the very beginning. Mostly, the mulattos or quadroons were the house slaves, and occupied the best situation a slave could occupy. Most of the mistresses of the slave owners in the South sought to make the lives of quadroons intolerable, because they viewed them as rivals. For this reason, Mrs. Green had demanded that Clotel be sold out of the state. How soundly ironic that mulattos could be stuck at the center of the depraved social condition of marriage relations between slave and slave owner? And being of the higher class of slaves still be subject to the will of his master. Were they really of a higher class, or were they no better than an ordinary slave whom labored outside the masters house? Some people have their own prejudices toward blacks in general even in todays society. It is safe to say that some whites even still view blacks as slaves. No matter how fair or light the shade of their skin is, it still does not dismiss the fact that they are born of African descent. As William stated in his work, there was a depraved social condition that placed the slave under total control of his master from the very beginning no matter how light or fair their skin was. Therefore, the stereotypical belief that mulattos or light-skin people have an esteemed privilege over dark-skinned people is without a doubt, debateable.

Who Is To Blame For Low Voter Turnout Politics Essay

Who Is To Blame For Low Voter Turnout Politics Essay Democracy is the most favorable form of government in todays world. Its being said that we all should work hand in hand in order to make decisions on certain political matters and that can only be made possible through participation which is voting. Our right to vote is guaranteed in Canada under section 3 of Charter of Rights and freedoms  [2]  but many people dont exercise this right. But if they had not been granted this right, they probably will feel offended and divested. Regardless of Section 3, Canadian voter turnout in recent years has been disappointing and not very reassuring. In past few decades, there has been a gradual decrease in voter turnout in Canada. Turnout has dropped significantly since 1988. In 2000, the turnout reached lowest mark ever but the record was further broken in 2008 federal elections  [3]  which raised eyebrows of all political parties and further raised questions and concerns whether Canadian democracy and the electoral system are effective enough. A number of scholars and political scientists argue that we need to bring in a new effective electoral system in order to increase voter turnout and government and policy makers have also commenced ways to improve Canadian democracy. This paper examines the voter turnout in past few decades, reasons for decrease in voter turnout, including cynicism and apathy of voters and various possible reforms in order to make Canadian democracy more effective. Voter turnout can be described as when registered voters vote and when registered voters marked a ballot during elections. It is calculated by dividing number of valid votes by registered electoral districts  [4]  . It doesnt count rejected ballots or spoiled ballots. Voter turnout is really important in determining peoples confidence and satisfaction with the government, political parties, and their policies. It is also a good sign of healthy democracy. High voter turnout legitimizes the governments authority over people. Voter turnout also reflects peoples interest in politics and decisions being made by political members on their behalf. It also shows civic literacy among people in regards to political issues. Increase in turnout will decrease inequality among social groups  [5]  . But the big story in news from past two decades is decrease in voter turnout. From 1945 to 1988 Canada has enjoyed high level of voter turnout  [6]  . Since 1988 it has decreased significant ly, with the lowest mark in 2008 federal elections. It was 75 % in 1988 compared to 64.7% in 2006 and 58 % in 2008  [7]  . Canada has enjoyed very high voter turnout until 1988. Voter turnout in Canada is low compared to other countries such as Australia, France, Germany, New Zealand and United Kingdom  [8]  . The questions that arises is why do some people vote and others dont enjoy this privilege. Why is it so low in Canada? This question has been a hot topic and central to many political scientists and political research  [9]  . Possible Causes This can be due to cynicism and apathy of people. People are very pessimistic about what government does and there is an absence of enthusiasm in people. Recent studies argue that voters felt cynical, disappointed, dissatisfied and there was a sense of disempowerment. People think that government wastes a lot of time and money rather than making right choices for common good. Its bureaucracy and decisions are made by bureaucrats. They make decisions based on their own interests. Politicians are dishonest, self-centered, unaccountable, lack integrity and accomplish very little  [10]  . Lots of research has been done on this particular topic by various authors, political scientists and agencies but no specific or static reasons were explained or they are yet to be revealed. Each study revealed different aspects, different reasons and circumstances for low voter turnout. Lots of those studies revealed variables independent of cynicism and apathy of voters. There are lots of other possible causes for lower voter turnouts. These factors range from personal reasons to age and gender. Voters lack of involvement because of disinterest in elections is one of the main causes of low voter turnout  [11]  . They usually think that their votes are meaningless and hence will not make any difference if they dont vote. But people seem to have forgotten that every vote counts and every vote makes a difference. That being said, one of the reasons behind this thinking is that government usually proposes referendums during elections and these referendums reflects a change or propo ses a particular constitutional measure. A good example would be Charlottetown Accord, 1992  [12]  . People who are not involved in voting are unaware of these referendums and hence delay all the changes that would have otherwise been considered as positive changes. Also people are less likely to find the parties, their policies, candidates and appealing leaders  [13]  . Every party proposes few legislations and policies that they will implement after they have been choosen. Reason why people dont find these policies appealing is because those policies dont meet their expectations and totally meaningless to them. People also dont find their leaders charismatic. If we look at the census, Liberal party has made majority government most of the times. Liberals had some exceptional leaders such as Sir Wilfrid Laurier, William Lyon Mackenzie King, Lester B. Pearson, Pierre Trudeau, Jean Chretien and these leaders have had charisma. They attracted people towards them because the po licies they discussed before elections, implemented most of them  [14]  . Current government has been criticized by everyone for not coming up with strategies to fight economic deficit and fighting recession. Action plan was developed but it did not have much impact  [15]  . Another reason that can be considered responsible for low voter turnout is personal or administrative components of voters life  [16]  . Voting usually takes place during daytime and weekdays. Most people go to work or school or are unable to vote due to various personal problems. Sometimes, their electoral district is too far from work and they are unable to vote. A lot of people are also preoccupied with their families, kids and other family responsibilities after hours and are unable to go down to their constituency and vote. In conclusion, these reasons could be the few basic reasons that led to decline in voter turnout. There are few other controversial reasons which affects voter turnout. Timing is considered one of them. It has been said that people are usually away during summer time on vacation and winter weather conditions can deter participation. It also explains cross sectional variations. Weather conditions do have an effect on voter turnout  [17]  whereas statistics Canada doesnt provide any such evidence. Also none of the other studies provide any evidence for this argument with further research. Elections have been conducted at various days, various months  [18]  . Television and turnout is another controversial reason but there hasnt been much debate on this particular topic. It has been said that TV is a revolution in democracy and it gives people clear understanding of trends and issues but it has reduced voter turnout. TV has reduced radios efficiency which is really effective in rural areas  [19]  .People use their leisure time in watching TV rather than listening to poli tical agendas on radio. They spend more time in entertainment as opposed to focusing on informative aspects  [20]  . No other studies provide such evidence. Socio-economic characteristics also affect voter turnout. Turnout is high in advanced countries. Advanced countries are more likely to participate in their countries matter and decisions  [21]  . Other factors include changing times and values, religion, long authority of one political party, political disaffection, gender, education, origin etc  [22]  23. Lower Youth Participation and Enhancement Even though these factors play significant role in voter turnout but not all political scientists and scholars agree on them. They all seem to agree on two main reasons that have a huge impact on voter turnout in past as well as in recent elections and these reasons are youth electoral engagement and Canadian Electoral System. Less participation of youth or apathy among youth can be a possible reason as discussed by many political scientists  [24]  . Politicians and government are concerned about why young people dont participate in elections or if they do, why their turnout is so low as compared to other age groups. The turnout between age group of 18 to 24 is still relatively small. Knowing that fact that it has been decreasing, actual reasons behind this are still foggy and poorly understood. In 2008 federal elections total turnout was 58.8% and lowest turnout was among age group of 18-24 with 37.4%  [25]  . Youth in Canada dont involve themselves in Canadian Politics. Mor e research needs to be done to find out what motivates young people. Centre for Information and Research on Canada, at one instance mentioned: Many young adults are highly mobile, and so less rooted in their communities and less aware of community needs and issues. For these reasons, they are likely to be less interested in elections. But as they grow old, it generally assumed that they will become more likely to vote  [26]   But politicians and government arent that optimistic as young voters are moving away from politics. This can be determined by looking at enrollment of student in Political Science courses at University level. It has been gradually declining  [27]  . Youth must be encouraged to participate in elections. Young voters tendency to vote needs to be understood. Also Canadian leaders or parties should directly address Canadian youth during elections  [28]  . Seminars or multimedia campaigns should be conducted for young people to educate them and make them more aware of Canadian political system and how to participate in it. Round table discussions in colleges and universities would be an effective step in civic literacy of youth and parents must discuss politics with their children at home and it will definitely enhance their politics skills. Also students must stay in school and schools should offer political science courses or make them mandatory or compulsory  [29]  . New experiments and tests needs to be designed to increase voter turnout not just among youth but overall population  [30]  . We need to give profound consideration to Canadian youth and their needs. Much needs be done in order to over come this matter. Electoral System and Possible Reforms Although electoral system is not the sole problem for low voter turnout, it has been blamed primarily for citizens apathy and cynicism. Canadas current electoral system is based on single member plurality or most commonly known as First-Past-the-Post (FPTP) at federal, provincial and municipal level. In this system, a single individual is elected from a riding to represent citizens of that electoral district. Member who receives most votes becomes Member of Parliament. There has been an ongoing debate on whether Canadian electoral system should be changed. Advocates of this system argue that it produces stable majority government  [31]  whereas other political scientists argue that we need new system as it is outdated. There have been lots of problems with current Canadian electoral system including: regional polarization, fairness, under-representation of women, democratic alteration  [32]  . Once again, advocates replied by saying that there is no solution to regionalism as population is sparsely divided in provinces. There is not much that government or political parties can do in order to overcome that unequal distribution of population. Arguments were also made on proportional representation electoral system by saying that it can create unsought results such as political fragmentation, coalition or minority governments, cabinet instability etc. They further mentioned that theres no guarantee that voter turnout will go up if Canada introduces new electoral system and also its not going to have any effect on representation  [33]  . Survey was conducted by Elections Canada to find out whether people are satisfied with current electoral system. There werent too many variations in the results i.e. on one hand people want to give up current electoral system and at the same time try proportional representation system  [34]  . In recent years, electoral reform proponents are willing to introduce Proportional Representation in Canada. It is a primary substitute to Single Member Plurality  [35]  . According to this system, each member will get his/her share or a seat based on shares of votes they get, regardless of whether they get highest number of votes or lowest number of votes. This will give a fair and equal chance to all the members who are riding for that constituency. Also voters wouldnt think that their votes are meaningless. They get to choose member of their choice. Proportional Representation has two categories: List System and Single Transferrable Vote  [36]  . Buy as usual; Proportional Representation has its critics. Critics argue that this will create many small new parties within the legislature, will produce unstable government by giving an opportunity to radical parties to represent themselves and not all constituencies will be covered  [37]  . Most democracies in world today use Proportional Representation. Voter turnout level is beyond exception in countries that are practicing proportional representation. It has been widely considered that Proportional Representation will have a huge impact on Canadian political system which includes more representative parliament, reduction of regional polarization, no single party majority governments; equal representation of all members from various constituencies, Prime Minister will have less power, federal and provincial balance  [38]  . Research has also demonstrated that Proportional Representation will lead to high turnout  [39]  . Provinces such as British Columbia, Ontario, New Brunswick have considered this option and have taken appropriate steps to introduce this system among community members. Ontario also introduced Mixed Member Proportional (MMP) System which can also be as another alternative to our current electoral system. Mixed Member Proportionality is mixtur e of local elected districts member and members elected on provincial level from party list. It gives options to people to choose two members at same time, one from party and second a local candidate. It will create stable parties, equal representation, fair election results, accountability; stronger voter participation etc  [40]  .Alternative vote can also go hand in hand with Proportional Representation. Under alternative vote people have to rank the candidates based on their preference and candidate much receive 50% vote and candidates will lower number of votes are automatically dropped out. Hence number of votes goes up and number of candidates goes down  [41]  . Electronic Voting is another big alternative that can replace our current electoral system. Surveys conducted have demonstrated that Canadians favor internet voting, especially youth. All provinces have high approval rate. It has been considered the best method to increase voter turnout, even better than Proportional Representation  [42]  . Another surveys conducted by Toronto Star have revealed high approval rate  [43]  . It will be a lot easier for people to vote online and very reliable. It will solve the problem of those people who cant make it to their electoral districts on voting day. People can regularly provide feedback through surveys about government policies at federal, provincial and municipal levels. Critics argue that internet voting will create legal concerns. Research issues can also lead to failure of this internet voting. In addition, security issues can come into play and resolving these security issues can put extra burden on the budget as it will cost lo st of money  [44]  .Another concern with this is people who are computer illiterate, or people who doesnt have access to computers but the Government is planning to test this system by 2013. Compulsory Voting or Mandatory Voting could be another alternative. In this system, all voters must register and obliged show up on voting day. They still have the choice of not to vote. Fines or other sanctions will be imposed if they dont show up. Many advanced democracies are using mandatory voting such as Australia, Belgium, and Brazil. Voter turnout is very high in these countries. Proponents of this system argue that this will increase voter turnout, election campaigns can focus more on issue rather than teaching people about electoral system. This can also enhance peoples participation in political process other than voting  [45]  . Compulsory voting critics argue that people will vote just for the sake of voting. This will not express their opinions. It is an undemocratic way to vote and it infringes their charter rights under section 3. Majority of Canadians are against this voting system. Penalties can be expensive for people who cannot afford to pay. It also doesnt add ress questions of low voter turnout and civic literacy among citizens  [46]  . Lots of different proposals have been discussed by various political scientists which includes civic literacy among people. People should be taught about politics. It can be done through media. Countries with high civic literacy have high voter turnout  [47]  . Other proposals say that Permanent Residents should be allowed to vote as they make good amount of Canadian population. Being Permanent Resident, they cannot do certain things and voting is one of them. Critics argue that this infringe section 3 or charter of rights and freedoms and keeps valuable and experienced people away from participation which further declines their interest in politics  [48]  . More opportunities for peoples participation in politics should be developed. Diversity should be increased i.e. women and visible minorities. Government should also keep citizens demands in mind and should work on them. Public opinion surveys should be conducted each year to find out satisfaction in government. Public op inion and overall good should be preferred while making diplomatic decisions. Conclusion Voter turnout has been decreasing. Efforts are being to find out the reasons behind it. Different authors, scholars, political scientists use different opinions and views to explain this trend. We must change low voter turnout trend and electoral reform could be a revolutionary idea. Canadian democracy must be improved by putting more emphasis on citizens needs. People should be encouraged to engage in politics through civic literacy. Reforms are not yet being implemented but theres a good chance that they will be looked upon and tested in future. As Canadians, its upto us whether we want to see a change. Research is yet being conducted to reveal what underlies beneath, offer practical solutions and overcome this problem.